locking/qspinlock, x86: Provide liveness guarantee

locking/qspinlock, x86: Provide liveness guarantee

On x86 we cannot do fetch_or() with a single instruction and thus end up
using a cmpxchg loop, this reduces determinism. Replace the fetch_or()
with a composite operation: tas-pending + load.

Using two instructions of course opens a window we previously did not
have. Consider the scenario:

	CPU0		CPU1		CPU2

 1)	lock
	  trylock -> (0,0,1)

 2)			lock
			  trylock /* fail */

 3)	unlock -> (0,0,0)

 4)					lock
					  trylock -> (0,0,1)

 5)			  tas-pending -> (0,1,1)
			  load-val <- (0,1,0) from 3

 6)			  clear-pending-set-locked -> (0,0,1)

			  FAIL: _2_ owners

where 5) is our new composite operation. When we consider each part of
the qspinlock state as a separate variable (as we can when
_Q_PENDING_BITS == 8) then the above is entirely possible, because
tas-pending will only RmW the pending byte, so the later load is able
to observe prior tail and lock state (but not earlier than its own
trylock, which operates on the whole word, due to coherence).

To avoid this we need 2 things:

 - the load must come after the tas-pending (obviously, otherwise it
   can trivially observe prior state).

 - the tas-pending must be a full word RmW instruction, it cannot be an XCHGB for
   example, such that we cannot observe other state prior to setting
   pending.

On x86 we can realize this by using "LOCK BTS m32, r32" for
tas-pending followed by a regular load.

Note that observing later state is not a problem:

 - if we fail to observe a later unlock, we'll simply spin-wait for
   that store to become visible.

 - if we observe a later xchg_tail(), there is no difference from that
   xchg_tail() having taken place before the tas-pending.

Suggested-by: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
Reported-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Reviewed-by: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: andrea.parri@amarulasolutions.com
Cc: longman@redhat.com
Fixes: 59fb586b4a07 ("locking/qspinlock: Remove unbounded cmpxchg() loop from locking slowpath")
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20181003130957.183726335@infradead.org
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>